| Open source describes the principles and
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| | The term was given a big boost at an
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| methodologies to promote open access to
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| | event organized in April 1998 by
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| the production and design process for
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| | technology publisher Tim O'Reilly.
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| various goods, products, resources and
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| | Originally titled the "Freeware Summit"
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| technical conclusions or advice. The term
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| | and later known as the "Open Source
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| is most commonly applied to the source
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| | Summit", the event brought together the
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| code of software that is made available
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| | leaders of many of the most important
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| to the general public with either relaxed
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| | free and open source projects, including
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| or non-existent intellectual property
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| | Linus Torvalds, Larry Wall, Brian
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| restrictions. This allows users to create
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| | Behlendorf, Eric Allman, Guido van
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| user-generated software content through
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| | Rossum, Michael Tiemann, Paul Vixie,
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| either incremental individual effort, or
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| | Jamie Zawinski of Netscape, and Eric
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| collaboration.
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| | Raymond. At that meeting, the confusion
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| Some consider open source as one of
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| | caused by the name "free software" was
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| various possible design approaches, while
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| | brought up. Tiemann argued for
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| others consider it a critical strategic
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| | "sourceware" as a new term, while Raymond
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| element of their operations. Before open
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| | argued for "open source." The assembled
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| source became widely adopted, developers
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| | developers took a vote, and the winner
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| and producers used a variety of phrases
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| | was announced at a press conference that
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| to describe the concept; the term open
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| | evening.
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| source gained popularity with the rise of
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| | This milestone may be commonly seen as
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| the Internet and its enabling of diverse
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| | the birth of the open source movement.
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| production models, communication paths,
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| | However, earlier researchers with access
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| and interactive communities.
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| | to the Advanced Research Projects Agency
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| Subsequently, open source software became
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| | Network (ARPANET) used a process called
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| the most prominent face of open source
| |
| | Request for Comments, which is similar to
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| practices.
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| | open standards, to develop
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| The open source model of operation can be
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| | telecommunication network protocols.
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| extended to open source culture in
| |
| | Characterized by contemporary open source
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| decision making which allows concurrent
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| | work, this collaborative process led to
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| input of different agendas, approaches
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| | the birth of the Internet in 1969. An
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| and priorities, in contrast with more
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| | early use of open source was in the
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| centralized models of development such as
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| | 1950s, when IBM distributed operating
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| those typically used in commercial
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| | systems in source format and the SHARE
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| companies. "Open source" as applied to
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| | user group was formed to facilitate the
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| culture defines a culture in which
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| | exchange of source code.
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| collective decisions or fixations are
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| | The Open Source Initiative formed in
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| shared during development and made
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| | February 1998 by Eric S. Raymond and
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| generally available in the public domain-
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| | Bruce Perens. With about 20 years of
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| - - as seen with Wikipedia. This
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| | evidence from case histories of closed
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| collective approach moderates ethical
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| | development versus open development
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| concerns over a "conflict of roles" or
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| | already provided by the Internet, the OSI
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| conflict of interest. Participants in
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| | continued to present the 'open source'
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| such a culture are able to modify the
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| | case to commercial businesses. They
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| collective outcomes and share them with
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| | sought to bring a higher profile to the
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| the community.
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| | practical benefits of freely available
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| The "open source" labels came out of a
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| | source code, and they wanted to bring
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| strategy session held at Palo Alto,
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| | major software businesses and other
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| California, in reaction to Netscape's
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| | high-tech industries into open source.
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| January 1998 announcement of a source
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| | Bruce Perens adapted Debian's Free
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| code release for Navigator. The group of
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| | Software Guidelines to make the Open
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| individuals at the session included
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| | Source Definition.
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| Christine Peterson who suggested "open
| |
| | Critics have said that the term "open
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| source" and also included Todd Anderson,
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| | source" fosters an ambiguity of a
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| Larry Augustin, Jon Hall, Sam Ockman, and
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| | different kind, in that it confuses the
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| Eric S. Raymond. They used the
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| | mere availability of the source with the
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| opportunity before the release of
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| | freedom to use, modify, and redistribute
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| Navigator's source code to free
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| | it. Developers have used the term Free
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| themselves of the ideological and
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| | Open-Source Software (FOSS), or Free
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| confrontational connotations of the term
| |
| | Libre/Open-Source Software (FLOSS),
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| free software. Netscape licensed and
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| | consequently, to describe open-source
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| released their code as open source under
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| | software that is freely available and
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| the name of Mozilla.
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| | free of charge.
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